Shelleys Frankenstein and Austens Mansfield Park as Vehicles for Social Comment :: comparison compare contrast essays

Shelleys Frankenstein and Austens Mansfield Park as Vehicles for Social Comment It has been often noted that the sentimentalist writers of English literature were rebelling against the established positions and views of orderliness. Most of the Romantic artists were indigenes of the well-established middle class and they were swiftly tiring of the self-serving political depredation perpetrated by the hands of the upper class. The Romantics were flouting convention, thumbing their noses and calling for radical and widespread reform not only in governmental politics, but within the politics of their own trade--creativity and art. Their myriad of works are clear evidence of this. Contumely against established society was found mostly in the poetical works of the day. However, much social commentary found its way into seemingly unlikely novels. Two such novels are Mary Shellys Frankenstein and Jane Austens Mansfield Park. Both of these novels are clever repositories for s ocial commentary and judgment. The overwhelming social judgment by Austen and Shelly was an intolerance for class distinction. Though they were hardly deluded decent to posses Utopian ideals, they nevertheless felt that a society with very little class distinction and especially without class-specific opportunity and quality of life was indeed attainable. habituated that Karl Marx formulated many of his collectivist ideals as a result of his exposure to the conditions of working class Englishmen, one might venture to say that the Romantic artists were forerunners of the socialist ideal, though perhaps this is a stretch. However, neither Austen nor Shelly saw socialism as an antidote to class distinction, or if they did, it did not find its way into their novels. They were quick to show, though, that a class blending could occur that was acceptable to all. In fact, such a theme is clearly prevalent in many sections of both Mansfield Park and Frankenstein. For example, in Frankenstein, Shelly describes the acceptance of a lower class individual into an upper class family. Justine is a lower class servant who is taken into the Frankenstein family to alleviate the dire forefront into which she has fallen. However, the Frankensteins do not view her as a servant in the typical, expected sense. Rather, in a letter to the maniacal, creature-creating

The Cuban Revolution Essays -- Pérez-Stable Fidel Castro Ernesto Che G

Understanding the Insurrection and Seizure of Power 1952-1959 Marifeli Prez-Stable looks back at the Cuban Revolution through a sociological lens in her book The Cuban Revolution. Prez-Stable claims that Cubans held national independence and social justice as goals ever since the end of the nineteenth century. Radical nationalism remained important in Cubans view of themselves and their ideals. Thus, Prez-Stable argues that the origins of the Cuban Revolution of 1959 lie in the independence accomplishment against Spain and the frustrations from the unfulfilled goals they had kept since before the turn of the century (Prez-Stable 1998, p 4). In the introduction of The Cuban Revolution, the author lists half dozen factors which made Cuba susceptible to radical variation (it is interesting to note that Prez-Stable is essentially giving no credit to the 26th of July Movement and Castro, but rather she is noting how the Cuban society was susceptible to revolution). The six facto rs listed are mediated sovereignty, sugar-centered development, uneven modernization, the crisis of political authority, the weakness of the clases econmicas, and the relative strength of the clases populares (Prez-Stable, p 7). The vicious circle with the U.S. and sugar plays a big role in the situation and in the 1950s. As Prez-Stable points out, without sugar there could be no Cuba, but there is no benefits to sugar without the U.S. market. The importance of social classes was as well as paramount, especially the unionized working class. On a more political level, Prez-Stable discusses the anti-Platt politics and the implications of the Constitution of 1940. According to Prez-Stable, The Constitution of 1940 reestablished democracy and r... ...tions that whitethorn have weakened or slowed its progress. The revolutionary government of Grau San Martn was a good example of how too many unions during the rise of a style starts to be counterproductive. The coalition formed under Grau San Martn never succeeded, in part, because nobody in the coalition was fully satisfied. The left never snarl that Grau was radical enough, and the influence from the right eventually swayed Grau in their direction. In both 1933 and 1959, the communists wanted a full revolution, and thanks to the Castros narrow revolution strategy, a full revolution succeeded. The small nature of the revolution allowed Castro to direct it exactly as he wanted to, and to avoid allies slo upgradeg him down. During this time, Castro and his barbudos were able to win over many peasants and urban people alike, and eventually gain the support of the nation.

Alcohol :: essays research papers

Should alcoholic beverage production, sale, and consumption be prohibited? I deliberate not. For hundreds of years, man has had alternatives choices pertaining their food intake, their living quarters, and their life mates. Whether or not to consume alcohol has been a choice that man has had through recent history and is a choice which I intend should remain just that a choice.There has been only one peak of history where alcohol purchase and consumption was limited. During the 1920s, specifically 1920 to 1933 (and 1917 to 1919 in Canada) beverages such as beer, gin, rum, whiskey, and wine were forbidden to manufacture, sell, or transport. Supporters of prohibition believed alcoholic beverages endangered amiable and physical health (World Book Encyclopedia).Results of the Volstead Act, passed by copulation that enforced prohibition, were disastrous. Underworld gangs controlled the sale of alcohol in communities. Was this a sign of good mental or physical health?During prohi bition, the cost of this illegal alcohol skyrocketed costing people hundreds of dollars. I know what ca determinations unsatisfactory mental health for me and that is having less money in my pocket. If this was such a good idea, why did carnal knowledge reverse it?Sure there will always be irresponsible people. And absolutely the irresponsible use of alcohol has produced disastrous results. But look at me. Im a responsible person. When I subscribe I always make sure as shooting that I have a designated driver. Why should I be punished by the few who reart handle that responsibility? How about my grandparents? They believe in having a glass of wine with their dinner. Its an gray-headed family custom which has maintained by my generation. Should I be told what I can and cant drink?I was reading Time Magazine tardily and a recent study has been released which states that a glass of wine a day has been shown to improve liver function, lower cholesterol and lessen the chance of i nternality disease (Time June 1999). Now if alcohol sale or production was abolished, how could have that study been done. Especially in this decade when heart problems are at an incomparable high due to the high availability of high cholesterol foods, I say you do anything you can do to help.Alcohol essays research papers Should alcohol production, sale, and consumption be prohibited? I think not. For hundreds of years, man has had choices choices pertaining their food intake, their living quarters, and their life mates. Whether or not to consume alcohol has been a choice that man has had through recent history and is a choice which I believe should remain just that a choice.There has been only one period of history where alcohol purchase and consumption was limited. During the 1920s, specifically 1920 to 1933 (and 1917 to 1919 in Canada) beverages such as beer, gin, rum, whiskey, and wine were forbidden to manufacture, sell, or transport. Supporters of prohibition believed alcoholic beverages endangered mental and physical health (World Book Encyclopedia).Results of the Volstead Act, passed by Congress that enforced prohibition, were disastrous. Underworld gangs controlled the sale of alcohol in communities. Was this a sign of good mental or physical health?During prohibition, the cost of this illegal alcohol skyrocketed costing people hundreds of dollars. I know what causes unsatisfactory mental health for me and that is having less money in my pocket. If this was such a good idea, why did Congress reverse it?Sure there will always be irresponsible people. And absolutely the irresponsible use of alcohol has produced disastrous results. But look at me. Im a responsible person. When I drink I always make sure that I have a designated driver. Why should I be punished by the few who cant handle that responsibility? How about my grandparents? They believe in having a glass of wine with their dinner. Its an old family custom which has maintained by my gene ration. Should I be told what I can and cant drink?I was reading Time Magazine recently and a recent study has been released which states that a glass of wine a day has been shown to improve liver function, lower cholesterol and lessen the chance of heart disease (Time June 1999). Now if alcohol sale or production was abolished, how could have that study been done. Especially in this decade when heart problems are at an all-time high due to the high availability of high cholesterol foods, I say you do anything you can do to help.

Parked Cars Can Be Death Traps for Kids :: Safety Death Children Essays

Parked Cars Can Be Death Traps for Kids Imagine sitting in a hospital waiting room anticipating the results of the tests being run on your only tyke. You were lucky though at least he is alive. You had no idea that he was in your car. You can not imagine how traumatic it could have been for him to be trapped in his own car. Finally the doctors come to tell you the news. He has mastermind damage, and he will never fully recover. He may never walk again and he will never live the life of a normal child. These events occurred because you did not make the effort to assure your child was not unattended in your vehicle. At least 19 children died during the summer of 1999 because they were trapped in hot cars, according to data being released by a childrens safety group ( ODonnel 1). Some pargonnts run in the post office, expect for gas, buy a pack of cigarettes, or even go shopping while their children sit in a hot vehicle. A National invulnerable Kids Campaign survey shows tha t 10% of parents believe that children can be unattended in a car. That number increases to 20% for parents 18 to 24 years old. And 50% of parents report that they forefathert lock their vehicles ( ODonnel 5). Children should not be left unattended in a car for any reason. A child left unattended in a car could die. The extreme temperatures cause the child to overheat, which leads to death. The child could have severe brain damage. The heat could not be so extreme it causes death, but brain damage can be just as traumatic. The child could climb into the car if left unlocked. Many parents are not aware that their children are in their vehicles. The results of leaving a child unattended in a car can be fetal. Many parents dont understand the severity of leaving a child alone in a vehicle. Assuring that your child is never unattended in a vehicle is very important during hot weather when temperatures inside a parked car can soar to deadly levels in minutes. John McDonne l rig a thermometer, which was set at about 98 degrees, and let it sit in a car in the hot sun for several hours.

How Young People Use Sunscreen :: Skin Protection

How Young People Use SunscreenOne of the biggest aspects of college is learning to how to live on adepts own. Protecting ones self is a large part of this. Hygiene in the communal showers, eating the undecomposed foods, exercising the right amount, avoiding substance abuse and practicing safe sex are just a few of things a person in college must look out for. however what about the sun? Lost among the shuffle is protection from the piercing ultraviolet rays from our closest star. When compared against another(prenominal) dangers such as obesity or alcoholism, melanoma seems to acquire its own. So what are kids doing to protect themselves? There are very simple ways to protect ourselves from the sun. A hat is useful and sunglasses make it easier on our eyes. One often overlooked alternative is sunscreen. Why dont more people use it?A study conducted eight years agone interviewed people of all ages and backgrounds in an effort to study sunbathing and solar protection habits. This study found that roughly only half of the people who sunbathe with all frequency use sunscreen. When broken down into demographics, one can see that the percentages are lower for the 16-25 year old group than in any other group interviewed (Koh). These numbers clearly indicate that not enough young people are using sunscreen. Why not?Any person that looks at me can tell that Im too Irish from my own good. While this may have an advantage or two, it presents a serious problem in an environment like Miami. Someone like me cannot last long in this sun. How do I protect myself for extended periods of time? Thats right, SPF 50. Go on, laugh, but I have never burned when I have used it. What about other, less Irish people? At the end of princely I took a trip to South Beach with a group of seven people. There were several Miami natives, but others hailed from the North. Yet only I wore sunscreen. In June a dozen of my friends and I went on a week-long trip to Ocean City. After the firs t day at the beach, nine of my friends suffered from sun poisoning and played out the majority of the trip indoors. So why dont kids use sunscreen? Is it something that comes with maturity? Or must it be learned through run through? I personally learned through experience. I fell asleep on a boat once and woke up with some of the worst sting an afternoon sun can give you.

How Young People Use Sunscreen :: Skin Protection

How Young People Use SunscreenOne of the biggest aspects of college is learning to how to live on ones own. Protecting ones self is a large part of this. Hygiene in the communal showers, eating the right foods, exercise the right amount, avoiding substance abuse and practicing safe sex are just a few of things a person in college must look forth for. But what about the sun? Lost among the shuffle is protection from the piercing ultraviolet rays from our closest star. When compared against other dangers such as obesity or alcoholism, malignant melanoma seems to hold its own. So what are kids doing to protect themselves? There are very simple ways to protect ourselves from the sun. A hat is useful and sunglasses plant it easier on our eyes. One often overlooked alternative is sunscreen. Why dont more people use it?A study conducted eight age ago interviewed people of all ages and backgrounds in an effort to study sunbathing and solar protection habits. This study found that roughl y only half of the people who insolate with whatsoever frequency use sunscreen. When broken down into demographics, one can see that the percentages are lower for the 16-25 year old group than in any other group interviewed (Koh). These numbers clearly indicate that not enough young people are using sunscreen. Why not?Any person that looks at me can tell that Im too Irish from my own good. While this may have an advantage or two, it presents a in effect(p) problem in an environment like Miami. Someone like me cannot last long in this sun. How do I protect myself for ext shoemakers lasted periods of time? Thats right, SPF 50. Go on, laugh, but I have never burned when I have used it. What about other, less Irish people? At the end of August I took a trip to South Beach with a group of seven people. There were several Miami natives, but others hailed from the North. Yet only I wore sunscreen. In June a dozen of my friends and I went on a week-long trip to Ocean City. After the firs t day at the beach, nine of my friends suffered from sun inebriety and spent the majority of the trip indoors. So why dont kids use sunscreen? Is it something that comes with maturity? Or must it be learned with experience? I personally learned through experience. I fell asleep on a boat once and woke up with some of the score sunburn an afternoon sun can give you.

Hindu Death Rituals

There is one thing that is certain in this lifetime that in the end we all must die. A belief in the cyclical reincarnation of the soul is one of the foundations of the Hindu religion. Death is viewed as a natural cyclorama of life, and there be numerous epic tales, sacred scriptures, and vedic guidance that describe the reason for wipeouts existence, the rituals that should be performed surrounding it, and the many possible destinations of the soul later on departure from its earthly existence (Retrieved from http//mailerindia. com/hindu/veda/index. php? last on 18th January, 2012).this essay will discuss the rituals performed for the soul of the dead organic structure so it reaches heaven peacefully. Traditionally, a Hindu dies at home. Nowadays the dying is increasingly kept in hospitals, even when recovery is clearly not possible. Once family is certain that a person is taking his travel breath, the start to chant mantras such as om namoh narayana. This helps the soul to leave the body peacefully. They also put holy ash or sandal paste on the forehead and put few drops of Ganga or holy water in the mouth so that the soul goes to heaven. The first mortal to fiddle his fate with Death was named Yama.Yama is aided by his two killer guide dogs who keep an eye as to whose life has come to an end. so they take the last breath of that person and take the soul to yama who directs them to their destiny . after the person dies the family member calls a chief non-Christian priest who performs the rituals ofHoma which is making afire and chanting mantras and doing offer to the Agni Dewata or fire god. The family gather together to cremate the body. Cremation is a ritual designed to do much more than dispose of the body it is intended to let on the soul from its earthly existence.Hindus believe that cremation (compared to burial or outside disintegration) is most spiritually beneficial to the departed soul. This is based on the belief that the astral body w ill linger as long as the physical body remains visible. If the body is not cremated, the soul remains nearby for days or months(Retrieved from http//mailerindia. com/hindu/veda/index. php? death on 18th January, 2012). The standard cremation ceremony begins with the ritual cleansing, dressing and adorning of the body. The body is then carried to the cremation ground as prayers are chanted to Yama, invoking his aid.It is usually the chief mourner and the eldest son who perform the Agni or fire ceremony. He circumambulates the pyre counterclockwise for everything is backward at the time of death and lights the pyre. The death now is an offering to Agni. After burning the corpse the chief mourner cracks the skull with a bamboo , thus releasing the soul from entrapment in the body. After cremation a xiii day ritual is done for the safety of the soul till it reaches heaven. Family read a holy book called Bhagwat Geeta every afternoon for the deceased person..Twelve hours after the cr emation, the ashes are thrown into a river, ideally the Ganges river, and the mourners walk away without looking back. On the 3rd, 5th, 7th or 9th day, relatives gather for a meal of the deceaseds favorite foods. A portion is offered before his photo and later ceremonially left at an abandoned place, along with some lit camphor. On the 31st day, a remembrance service is held. In some traditions it is a repetition of the funeral rites. At home, all thoroughly clean the house. the chief priest than prays for the deceased and his ancestors so their souls can reunite in the next world.This ritual is called sapindikarana. Similar rituals are done after six months and then the last one is an year after death. a priest conducts the shraddha rites in the home, offering pinda to the ancestors. This ceremony is done yearly as long as the sons of the deceased are alive (or for a specified period) Retrieved from http//mailerindia. com/hindu/veda/index. php? death on 18th January, 2012).. In c onclusion we can say that Hindu funeral rites can be simple or exceedingly complex. These steps devotedly spotless according to the customs, means, and ability of the family, will properly conclude one earthly sojourn of any Hindu soul.Religions such as Hinduism offer our own eonian souls satisfying answers to questions of life and death. Their ancient mythic texts provide real reasons for our existence here on earth. They also demonstrate that death is something that can be hustling for instead of being feared. In addition, they offer the possibility of something to look forward to, so we need not dread our last days on this planet. A true Hindu shall love death as he loves this life (Retrieved from http//mailerindia. com/hindu on 18th January, 2012).

Job Application

When accommodateing for employment by mail a melodic line covering garner must accompany your cure. Often times an employer may be flooded by perhaps a stack of a hundred or more resumes on any given day. In such situations, acquiring an interview plenty represent a major break- d nonpareil for the ponder applicant. The credit line activity letter you write can and should be roled to substitute for that exclusively-important interview that you may not otherwise get, regardless of your qualifications. So, construct it wisely.Resumes at beat out part put forth only a rather simple table of data depicting your past work history and educational background for a potential employers scrutiny. Lacking in a resume atomic number 18 many individual nuisances important to employers regarding the peck they ar closely to add to their organization. Surveys of military unit directors of the five- hundred largest organizations show that the vast majority (over 80%) have agreed or strongly agree that they want to know Your mortalality. What you are like and what you get out be like as an employee? why have you chosen to give way for employment with this particular company? What job are you specifically take toking? What makes you palpate that your education or past experience relates to that job? Planning your job constancy letter Think of your job application letter as be constructed of ternary parts the introduction, body, and conclusion. The purpose of the introduction is to specify why you are writing and to say a few things about yourself, such as, where you are loss to school and your major. The introduction gives you the opportunity to praise to the company for some specific quality it posses.This praise can serve to answer the silent question as to why you have chosen their company and in any case allows you to subtly display a personality technique that close people enjoy greatly, the ability to get under mavins skin the feeling I know you and I like you. Caution though, praise must be specific beca subroutine general praise has a tendency to audio frequency insincere. The best line of praise should be to something in the company directly related to your line of work. Sometimes uncovering these facts can require a pussy of research, please remember to regulate the name and position of your intended reader. The body of your letter should be subroutine to answer any questions your employer might have about how you feel that your education and background pertain to the job you are seeking. Here you want to draw connections from your past experiences and education to the specific skills required for the job you are seeking. In planning your letters conclusion you must decide exactly how you intend to follow up your letter. Will you call within a specified terminus of time or willing you await a telephone call or letter? You must bring the letter to a cordial exactly brief close. You must sound confident, yet never pushy.All ways ask for a follow-up interview. Remember, the letter you are sending along with your personal resume is your proverbial foot in the door with any would-be employer and often has to serve as your initial interview. Polish it carefully. Type job application XYZ Company 87 Delaware Road Hatfield, CA 08065 (909) 555-5555 george. emailprotected com Date Dear Mr. Gilhooley, I am writing to apply for the programmer position advertize in the measure Union. As requested, I am en goal a completed job application, my certification, my resume and three references.The opportunity presented in this listing is very interesting, and I moot that my strong technical experience and education will make me a very competitive candidate for this position. The key strengths that I possess for success in this position embroil I have successfully designed, developed, and supported live use applications I strive for continued excellence I provide stupendous contributions to cus tomer service for all customers With a BS degree in Computer Programming, I have a full understanding of the full bearing cycle of a software development project.I also have experience in learning and excelling at stark naked technologies as removeed. Please see my resume for additional information on my experience. I can be reached anytime via email at george. emailprotected com or my cell phone, 909-555-5555. Thank you for your time and consideration. I breast forward to speaking with you about this employment opportunity. Sincerely, FirstName LastName Writing an effective and powerfuljob application letter isan integral part of your job search and critical to winning a job. Not all job application letters will go directly to an employer.They may need to go through athird partysuch as an employment agency, recruitment home or job network agency. This section identifies8 different types of employment or job application lettersyou may need in your job search such asprospecting lettersfor cold calling,letters to generate leadsthrough networking, andletters of interestto an employment agencyEachjob search methodwill require you to write a letter withdifferent message. You need to be able to create a message with irresistible appeal to your target market.An effectivejob application letterwill position you out front of the competition and the way youapply for a jobwill depend upon thejob search method you use. A letter in response to an publicize positionis the most park and therefore it is treated as a separate topic and is treated comprehensively in . Application Letter denote JobandJob Application Letter Using Marketing Techniques. Both these sections are invaluable in content and a must read Your finishing is the akin, whether it is forprospecting lettersorjob applications .This is to- Grabyour readers attention to entice them to read your resume and to get an interview or an employment lead. Your resume and your letter blend in to make a powerf ul job application. It goes without saying that a good job application letter is pointless if your resume is not up to the same standard. SeeResume Writing. Depending on the recruitment method used,the format of an employment letter will be the same. It is theapproachthat is different. However, make no mistake,they are allsales lettersor more commonly, in my view, inadequately called cover letters,(seeWrite A Winning Job Application Letter. To compile an appropriate letter for the job search method you are using you need to keep three questions in mind. Who are you targeting? What is the purpose of the letter? What do you want from the person you are writing to? If you are serious about creating self marketing job application letters, you will find valuable insights and techniques to write letter content for maximum impact injob applications Using Sales / Marketing Techniquesand alsojob application letters for advertised job. Each section is naughtyly comprehensive for all job see kers, in fact it is invaluable.Content is unique to Pro-Active Human Re line Management. Please look at them and bookmark it for later use Overview of different types of employment letters As stated, there are many types ofjob applications letters used in job search. Here are 9 of the most commonly used letters- 1. Job application letter directly to an employer in response to an advertised position. seeWrite winning job applications. The most important aspect of this type of this job application letter that watchs it apartfrom other types of employment letters, is that itmust address the employers stated criteria as set down in the job advertisement.If you dont do this therefore you are wasting your time and the employers time. This same type of letter, with a slight variation in the wording, also accompanies your resume when you send it to third parties who have advertised a position and will do the recruitment on behalf of an employer (below. ) So you need to read the advertisem ent carefully to ensure you know who is actually doing the recruitment. 2. job application letters to employment agencies / recruitment firms An application letter to athird party who has advertised a position on behalf of an employer and will act on their behalf in the recruitment process.Here you must talk to the agency/firm and refer to the employer as the agencys client. It is the agency you must influence to get a job interview with them in order to be referred to their client the employer. This job application letter is a bit more difficult and the standard must be very high. The letter must address all the criteria advertised, however the advertisement will probably only tell you the name of the attention where the job is, not the employer. It is simmer down a job application sales letter and you must use all the techniques shown inApplications Letter Using Marketing Techniques. ndWrite A Winning Application Letter. Often the company will not be identified at this stage, research is not possible. If you do get referred to the employer you will know the companys name so you must prepare for the interview and do your research. witness out all you can about them and see sections on how to perform at the interview and what you may expect from an interview Interview TipsandInterview adjoin and Questions. 3. Letter of interest to an employment agency / recruitment firm Here you want to register for any positions that may come up in the future.This is discussed bring forward on as acold call letter. 4. Resume letter Used primarily for people returning to the workforce or where a resume is not effective or appropriate. For example, where there are lots of gaps in their employment. It sets out your job history briefly without dates and then responds to employers needs this is crucial. You need to use all letter writing sections to write your resume letter. Note It is a combination of a resume and an application letter. It takes the place of a resume. 5. Career channelise letterThis is the hardest type of job application letter. It is often used by the more mature jobseeker who has gained a new qualification. A resume letter may be appropriate in some cases. If the jobseeker has had more recent employment experience in another job they must be able to espy their transferable skills. Your resume is very important. A good resume writer will spend a lot of time with you identifying how to tie your transferable skills into your new occupation. If you dont have a good resume it will be more difficult to write an effective job application letter.An example can be fix in seek Job Application 6. Job Application Form You are more likely to use an application form when you apply to an job advertisement over the phone and are asked to fill in an application form at the time of interview. Another example would be for when you apply for casual work or blue trey work. Used in employment agencies that deal with casual labour (labour hire compa nies. ) Preparing an application form the right way and neatly, and on the spot, so to speak, requires - Aknowledge of what the employer wants, good handwriting All the information you will need to fill out the form at your fingertips. If you industry uses application forms as the primary means of applying for the job you will need to develop some skills and knowledge to make the process easier. Application forms put you at a disadvantage- They make you put in employment history in chronological order that may be irrelevant to the job you are applying for. You may not have the opportunity to show you main employment skills/history, especially if you have been doing casual work or working while studying. They do not provide an opportunity to target the job to your skills and experience. So take your resume and give it to them anyway. NoteIf you register with an employment agency you may be asked for your tax file number, especially if it is for temporary employment. The next gro up of letters areprospecting or unsolicited lettersforcold calling,(or cold canvassing ) found through research or from leads found throughnetworking. The are still referred to as job application letters , but the content is very specific. glacial calling means contacting prospective employers who have not advertised a job.The jobs may be available but they are in the hidden job market as I am sure you are aware. That is, they have not been advertised for any number of reasons. Looking back on thethree questions to keep in mind 1. Your target group isthe prospective employersyou identified in yourresearchwho employ people with your skills and qualifications. (Discussed at great length in insensate Calling. ) 2. The purpose of the letter is toobtain an interview for any future vacancies. 3. You need to make your purpose clear to the employer or contact..Networkingis an even more effective job search method. However, job seekers tend to shy away from it. Nevertheless, it has been pro ven that job seekers want to know about cold calling, so if you feel you can learn skills to write a cold call job application letter, we fully recommend you also readNetworking for Success. It really is easy if you follow our proven method. Research shows networking is still extremely effective in fact in a good job market it is most effective, especially in the IT and the mining industry, which has traditionally been an industry where people network. Some research goes as far as to say that over 85% of jobs are found through the networking). When you first contact people in your network by phone or letter you are not asking for a job. Rather your aim is to generate job leads. once you get these leads you will then write a cold calling letter. 7. Cold calling job applications a. To an employmentagency or recruitment firm A letter of enquiry to a recruitment/employment agency to register your interest in being referred to an employer for a job in your reach of expertise. b. Direc t to a companyThis type of prospecting letter requires you do a lot of research and you must demonstrate that you know what the company does and how you can adequate into the organisation. You need to be very specific about the skills you can bring to the job and how you can contribute to growth of the company. Dont actually say how you can reform processes or outcomes, as this suggests that the company is not performing, but state clearly how such outcomes were achieved in past positions. 8. Networking letters You need two different types of letters. 1. To a person in your network.Here you want to generate leads. Remember, you are not asking for a job, rather you are asking for advice. 2. You will probably then follow up with a letter of introduction to someone who has been referred to you through your network. This last letter is a cold call letter, but maybe referring to your source if appropriate. If you can do this (you need permission from the person who gave the lead), it i s more effective. Writing these letters are quite different to any other job applications . describe out how to network effectively. Your first challenge is to get your letter opened.Opening statements are very important. They start your letter with impact. Opening statements can be found, inWrite A Winning job applications. A hear of each of these types of job applications can be found inSample Job Applications Why you shouldnt use a one- fits- all job application letter By far the most common mistake job seekers make is to useone fits alljob applications that they have copied from the internet or developed themselves as a generic letter and altered slightly. You will notice this company does not offer a generic job application letter (cover letter) service.Each letter you write must be personalised to that particular job and the company, which will require research. Even professionals with high level skills often want a generic application letter written when they order their re sume. Most resume companies include these job applications in their services. We dont, for all reasons stated in this section. There are excellent sample job applications found on job search websites. However, most of these job application sample letters are say at the professional applicant especially for the high achiever or would be high achiever.Your job application letter is an example of your communication skills, so dont set yourself up to fail. Recruiters can spot a letter that has strung together from phrases from sample job application letters and the sections you write will be entirely different. We see the same with resumes. Therefore, some application samples provided on this site are directed at the middle of the road job vacancies and skill level, and show you the process used, so you can develop your own letter writing skills. SeeSample job applications.It is highly recommended that you readWritingApplications Using Marketing Techniques,which shows you how to use e ffective content in your application letter. This section is invaluable and contains examples of opening and closing statement examples and shows you how to ensure your job applications use features and benefits. So no need to look for you beaut sales pitches. The letter is strong on its own. As stated, what is common to all job applications is the need to sell yourself. It is easier to sell yourself if you have a professional background and harder if you are in ordinary white and blue collar occupations.However, no matter what level of job you are applying for you can still writea job application letter using marketing techniques that hitchhike the readers attention, as long as youaddress the employers needs, and therefore their expectations. (Go toWrite A Winning Job Application Letterto find out how to address the employers needs). A good job application letter or employment letter, is useless if you do not have a resume that clearly backs up your claims in the letter. (exceptio n career change letters. ) SeeResume Writing. If you want more guidance you should consider using letter writing software.Powerful opening statements and marketing phrases can be foundatAmazing Cover LettersYou just need to address the employers needs, and this excellent software allows you, and encourages you, to do this. An all in one package that looks at occupations with a lot of competition and those with less,that can be changed and personalised. Just ensure you actually find everything in the package as it has a lot of sections. If your resume is weak the best cover letter in the world will not get you a job. if you are not getting interviewshave your resume reviewed.

A Marketing Plan Essay

Firms that atomic number 18 successful in merchandising invariably start with a selling plan. The plan should cover one year. For small companies, this is often the best way to think about marketing. Things change, tidy sum leave, markets evolve, and customers come and go. In many respects, the merchandising send off is the most important document produced by marketers as it not only helps to justify what has occurred in the past, but is critical for explaining where a companion intends to go in the future. The first timber is the Situation Analyses.The purpose of the situation analysis is to indicate to a company about the organizational and product position, as well as the overall survival of the business, within the surroundings. This allows for the evaluation of the companys objectives, strategy and capabilities. These areas indicate to an organization about the strength of the product or whether there are areas for improvement, as well as how well an organization will fit with the external environment. I will take as particular circumstance, one of my companys products, namely, the book Ive written Unique and Different.Considering the concept of the entire project we are carrying and that is to start making some changes just about, to start, step by step, being satisfied by the world we live in, we begun by outlining our own experiences and perceptions in our first book. If we look at the things around us from a dumb point of view, the situation is difficult enough due to the external factors, such as Continuous change people deal all day with impudence and need to keep up with the changes and often forget to answer their true body and mind needs. Continuous technology instruction due to this type of development people tend use any day, to a greater extent and more the smart technology forgetting the old fashioned way to broaden their universe. Demanding society society demands more and more, forces the humans to act like robots and despi te some hidden desire to give time to such relaxation moments, choose not to out of capping to every day schedules. Decrease of the life quality enslaved to a robotic life and forced to act as the society requests the quality of peoples lives is decreasing every day, being hard enough to start taking it from the beginning and understanding that above all they count the most These are just a some of the aspects that could harden the fulfillment of the nonplus goal.The second step would be the SWOT analyses which is a structured planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business. Setting the objective should be done after the SWOT analysis has been performed.This would allow achievable goals or objectives to be set for the organization. Identification of SWOT is important because they can inform later steps in planning to achieve the objective. Strengths the strength of the product could be characterized as mentioned above through novelty, will to change, perspective, broaden the universe, awareness of ones needs, discovering truths about one self and so on. This is considerably a step ahead of any other writer because this is intended not to be a novel well sold but a book that training you to get to know yourself in a different playful way. Weaknesses contrary to the strengths mentioned above a weak side would be exactly this the fact that people forgot how to live their lives and became robotic, enslaved by the demands of a poor society. People have closed their eyes to the exact truth that lies before them. Opportunities in my companys case the elements that the project could exploit to its advantage would be exactly the point where we, as a society stand right now. The society is weaken, is confused, does not know whom to succeed anymore or if it is of any purpose to do it and thus, this would be the perfect time to start doing some changes and create their own path. Threats the basic elements in the environment that could cause trouble for our project are thin lines that lay between our project and those who just want to become some type of over darkness writers, by selling what everybody sell these days. It is difficult to explain to people right now that something could be different if they just gave it a try. The third step is twist a strategic marketing plan and here most people fall into the trap of thinking that marketing just means advertising, PR or promotion.But marketing and a marketing plan is so much more than that, and includes everything from understanding the market to which youll sell your products and services, to choosing specific tactics youll use to build that market. Building a strategic marketing plan is know where to place your products, when to place it, to whom start addressing and how to address exactly. The forth step is marketing mix strategy. Marketing mix is a strategy that has been formulated after taking into consider ation the 4Ps of marketing product, price, place and promotion.This marketing mix comprises four components namely Product, Price, military position and Promotion. These four components are popularly known as the 4Ps of marketing mix. A marketer has to use a combination of these 4Ps to develop a profit-yielding strategy. The 4 Ps establish the exactly the place of the product, where is determined, the targeted section of market and to whom is addressed. Promotion carries a high importance especially considering the fact that we are talk about a book. And of course The fifth step is the marketing budget is an estimated projection of be required to promote a business products or services.A marketing budget will typically include all promotional costs, including marketing communications like website development, advertising and public relations, as well as the costs of employing marketing staff and utilizing office space. The costs in a marketing budget will be allocated according to the campaign and the media to be utilized. almost prior research will be necessary for the cost estimates to be as realistic as possible. Knowledge of nominate industry and market factors essential be taken into account when developing your marketing plan. Your plan will also be influenced by researching your competition.You will want to allot funding in a way that exploits the weaknesses of your competitors and emphasizes your strengths. Considering that fact that our project is just starting and that the book is just one of the products it offers, it would be hard enough to analyze exactly the costs of just promoting the book, because generally we consider that the best way to present yourself is face to face, thus we are assisting as many fairs as possible this way having the happen to meet people personally and present them the opportunity we offer, directly.Concluding for the book, for now have been used online socializing networks and the presence to all the possible books fairs organized around the country. The sixth step is the marketing perform plan which may be part of an overall business plan. Marketing perform plan can die from two points strategy and tactics. Behind the corporate objectives, which in themselves offer the main place setting for the marketing plan, will lay the corporate mission, which in turn provides the context for these corporate objectives.Having the same objective, performing a well established plan represents the basic step in achieving the set goal and acting in the room of the future, seeing beyond today and developing a better tomorrow. The seventh step would be the perform evaluation. Annual performance reviews are a chance upon component of employee development. The performance review is intended to be a fair and balanced assessment of an employees performance. Annual performance reviews are a key component of employee development.The performance review is intended to be a fair and balanced assessment of an employees performance or of the achievement of a set goal. Everybody engaged in the entire process of the platform has well established goals to achieve and of course, well established terms to present their situation, Being about a platform the activity of the employees could be even more, analyzed and characterized by public the public being the key factor that would position the project or that would situate it according to a percentage.And the eighth step is considered when adjusting the marketing plan as necessary after reviewing the annual balance or after analyzing the results of the set goals. afterward ongoing certain stages with a well planned goal there is the need to and analyze the results of the goals and the exact position where we stand and if necessary start rethinking and adjusting the marketing plan or the spects which clearly didnt answer our needs or expectations. Some aspects that could be rethought are the way we address to people, the aspects we are tryin g to reach, the chosen moment /period, the benefits offered and a lot of other aspects in this field having the possibility to joggle a lot with the way we put thing into action. Overall a marketing plan should state exactly what a business, company, project tries to emphasize and reach.

The genesis of secrecy by Frank Kermode

Biblical scholarship and the gospels can be multipurpose examples for Kermode because these provide scholarly quality and discipline of the best biblical study and can set a high enough standard that can be exemplary to all.An indispensable instrument of survival in this world is the power to make interpretations. According to Kermode, in all the go bads of interpretation, there are insiders and outsiders, the motive having or professing to have, immediate access to the mystery, the latter randomly scattered across space and time and excluded from the elect who mistrust or despise their illegitimate divinations, which may indeed, for all the delight they give, without absolute value. From my understanding, he deems this important since much of what is written is susceptible to many interpretations. Thus the power to make interpretations has been dubbed by the designer as an indispensable instrument of survival.Hermes is the patron of thieves, merchants and travelers, of heralds and their kerygma. He has been described as cunning and occasionally violent. He is also the patron of interpreters and since Kermode is an interpreter himself, Hermes is important in his profession. Hermes is, after all, considered as the god of going between between the dead and the living, between the latent and the manifest.Hermeneutics is thus described as the rules of the art of interpretation and its philosophy. It has been cerebration by some as the around serious of philosophical inquiry as a means whereby they effect a necessary subversion of the experient metaphysics. It covers a range of activity from plain proclamation of sense to oracular intimations.The biblical passage quoted by the author is from the Gospel of Mark (411-12) to wit savior said, To you has been given the secret of God, scarce for those outside everything is in parables so that they may indeed see but no perceive, and may indeed hear but no understand lest they should turn again, and be forgiven. This passage was included by the author because he takeed to point out that a written work is susceptible to various interpretations. He wanted to point out that it is only those who already know the mysteries what the stories really mean can discover what the stories really mean. brute reading is that which is based on simple primary senses. These are readers who try to take the literary piece in their literal concept.In the myth of ships company going, the author wanted to stress the need to rely more on spiritual reading rather than carnal reading. He wanted to emphasize that we need to perceive and understand the story before us to achieve full comprehension.Hina was used by Mark to refer to so that while hoti was used by Matthew as because. The change by Matthew involved a different grammar where Matthew replaces Marks subjective into an indicative.The parable of the Good Samaritan has been interpreted in many ways the most common of which is to showcase who or what a real neighbor is. And by the standards of the parable, it is that person who helps those in need. It was also referred to the fall of man whereby Adam is the traveler who has opinionated to leave Paradise and the Good Samaritan is Christ who saved him.Narratives are obscure because it allows us to interpret these in a manner we see fit. The parables are a perfect example in the sense that they allow us to learn something based on our own understanding or perception of a story vis--vis the real interpretation of the text.

Martin Luther King’s “I have a dream” and Abraham lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address” Essay

Of the great oral chip inations this world has seen, many of them serve as an outlet for individuals to articulate their ideals and beliefs to a greater audience. The way in which great speakers such(prenominal) as Martin Luther ability Jr and Abraham capital of Nebraska do this is through speech divisions such as rhetoric, language techniques, successful structure and also establishing a relationship with their audience. The speeches I have a Dream, and The Gettysburg Address http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMMzY1KJVeo, although performed to entirely divers(prenominal) audiences in different contexts, share similar apprizes and qualities.In order to gain a complete understanding of the distinctive qualities of the speeches we must first air at the context in which they were written.On August the 28th 1963, Martin Luther power Jr stood before a congregation of over 200,000 people in front of the Lincoln Memorial. It was on this day that King delivered his testimony to mankind in an effort to end black segregation within America.Despite strong opposition from the Kennedy Administration, King and his contemporaries continued with the civil rights march.Standing on the same spot as Lincoln did five score years ago, King pr all(prenominal)ed similar themes of justice, equivalence and independence for man. Lincolns speech came as a eulogy to those lost at the battle of Gettysburg. At the time America was at civil war and the expeditious crowd was desperate for inspiration from their President. He was speaking last to a crowd of 15-20,000 Northerners to honour the dead and encourage them to keep fighting the war.The context of each address has a profound impact upon their purpose and qualities. One distinct quality of Lincolns speech is that it was structured chronologically with each of the three separate paragraphs entailing the past, present and future. The lengths of the paragraphs corporation also be noted as a distinct quality of the Gettysburg Address , the first paragraph is quite small followed by progressive lengthening of the second and final paragraph.This is an instru handst used by Lincoln to build up his audiences attention to the climatic end to his speech where he out paths what is required for the future. This can be compared to Kings structural approach, where he uses a ladder technique to configure his points in order of ascending importance. Once again ending strongly with the line Free at last Free at last Thank God Almighty we are free at last.Rhetoric is lots defined as the art of using language so as to persuade or influence others. From this we can deduce that it is a critical element of any resultive speech. Certainly I have a dream and The Gettysburg Address contain powerful rhetoric techniques used to further communicate the ideas of King and Lincoln.Kings speech is based heavily around repetition. He uses this in the lines, One hundred years later, I have a dream and Let freedom ring. All repeated to gai n suspense from the audience as easy as emphasising his themes of equality and justice. King says them with such authority and power to further drift home the importance of these themes. Using his voice to create a sense of urgency about the issue.King also uses biblical allusion such as Gods Children and sing 23 Rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. This reflects his role as a Priest as well as giving evidence of Gods want of justice. The biblical allusions also give a sense of unity amongst the audience.Establishing a rapport with your audience is central to communicating your ideas in a speech, both King and Lincoln do this exceptionally. Using inclusive language such as the words we and us, Lincoln especially is adequate to establish an equality throughout his audience with the common purpose of freedom and victory.In his eulogy, Lincoln uses the line for those who gave their lives that the nation might live which again u tilises the audiences patriotism to articulate his ideas through personification.By referring to both Lincolns Emancipation Declaration and The Declaration of Independence he was able to strongly back up his argument and appealingness to the nations Patriotism as well as give historical evidence to the slow progress of equality in America.This would have a great effect on the proud Americans in his audience because a rejection of Kings values would ultimately mean for them a rejection of Americas traditional values.Without proper delivery, these two speeches wouldve been overlooked in value and would not have had the great effect they did. I believe the values implied in both texts justified by both the context and the rhetoric.Upon reaching conclusion, peerless realises that if not for great speakers and use of rhetoric, the ideas of significant historical figures could not be presented as well, as thus couldnt have the desired effect. Martin Luther King Jr and Abraham Lincoln we re examples of this, men who, by use of manipulation of language and audience, changed the world.Bibliography2008 Dictionary.com Lexico Publishing Group, LLC. Accessed 08/06/08-09/06/08.

Government Current Event Essay

Being one of the future teachers of Texas, it is important for teachers/students as well as grow to understand what their children ar learning in school. It is most especially important for the p arnts to participate with their children at home. But at the same time all states shouldnt be the same when it comes to a lot of things, one of them being education.The ordinary Core Learning Standards/Common Core approach sets ambitious goals for math, reading and penning skills as children move through school. The Common Core has already been adapted to 45 states Alaska, Texas, Nebraska, Virginia, and Minnesota are not included. This means that these 45 states are right away spending a ton of money on new books, new teachers/staff/principals, and some are implementing intense trainings for current staff. Both teachers and staff are going through the pressure of having to be constantly watched and monitored to make sure they are meeting the scores, otherwise they will get fired.In chap ter 3 of The compete for Democracy, federalism is the division and sharing of powers between the federal and state political relation. The topic of Common Core and how its getting implemented to the school is a state government issue. But having put more thought into the issue, this is actually in some way a federal government issue. Yes the state government votes for the hoi polloi on whether certain states should even implement the program, but the federal government is the one that will be funding the actual program. Which is a perfect example of what it negotiation about in our reading of Chapter 3 in The Struggle for Democracy of how the U.S government is a central government we share powers between the federal/states government. The Common Core issue must be settled with not only the states government but also the federal government.This is an important topic because, as a future teacher and a future mother, in some way it relates to all everyone. Our education and how its funded is so poor right now because the people just arent informed. We must get informed in order to get educated. I do believe in the quote The children of today are the people of tomorrow.

Feudalism and Court Services Vassals

feudalism began in France around A. D. 900 and spread. The feudal hierarchy was an arrangement of rank resembling a profit. At the top of the pyramid was the king. In the feudal kinship the king was the suzerain, or gentle, of a group of dukes and counts who were his vassals. Each of these vassals was in turn ecclesiastic to lesser vassals, who had even less important vassals. At the bottom of the pyramid were the knights, who had no vassals. Lord and vassal owed certain obligations to each other.The vassal pledged to perform certain services for his churchman, and in return the lord granted him a feoff, or fee. A fief was anything that was considered purposeful or valuable. Usually, a fief was a piece of land, jurisdiction over the peasants who lived on the land, and ownership of the goods they produced. All fiefs were technically owned by the king, but a vassal held, in effect, all the rights of ownership of the fief as long as he performed the services involve by his lord. The entire kingdom was fall apartd into fiefs, except for the land held by the king personally.Feudal tenure was hereditary. When a vassal died, his heir did homage for his fief and swore an oath of fealty to his lord, promising to be faithful and render service. In the ceremony of investiture, the lord handed his vassal some symbolsuch as a sword or a clod of earthin token of title, and promised to defend the vassals fief. If a vassal died leaving a minor heir, the lord usually became the guardian of the fief and managed it. If the heir was an unmarried daughter, the lord could select a husband for her because only a male could perform the services of the fief.Feudal services were the services that a vassal owed his lord varied. Military or Knight Service A vassal was expected to serve his lord in war. Usually he served 40 days a year at his own expense if engaged in an offensive action against his lords enemy. In a defensive action the term of service was unlimited. A knight was expected to furnish only his horse and armor, but great vassals had to supply hundreds of knights and men-at-arms. With Court service vassals had to serve, when summoned, in the lords court.They were called upon to give the lord advice. They also met in assembly to settle disputes between vassals. This was the origin of the principle of trial by a jury of peers, or equals. Vassals were also summoned for ceremonial occasions, such as investitures. Financial Obligations included A relief, or gift, to the lord when the fief passed to an heir. It amounted usually to a years income. Aids, payments made by vassals when their lord needed additional resources. A common aid was to help ransom the lord when he was taken prisoner in war.Other aids were stipulation when the lords eldest daughter was married and when his eldest son became a knight. They were obligated to entertain the lord when he paid a visit. During feudal state of war a powerful vassal who did not fulfill his obligations co uld usually withstand his lords wrath if he owned a strong castle, since medieval castles were almost impossible to overrun. twoscore days servicethe usual limit for knights in the attacking forceleft insufficient time for siege operations.Private warfare between nobles who were neither lord nor vassal to each other was common in France, since the king could not control the vassals of his vassals. The church sought to limit strife by forbidding warfare on certain days of the week and during church festivals. Chivalry developed as a code of conduct for knights. Feudalism came to an end as the kings increase their power and forced the lesser landowners to obey their orders. Feudalism was introduced in England in 1066 following the Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest.The Normans, led by William the Conqueror who was invest King William I of England were responsible for introducing feudalism to England. Feudalism was based on the exchange of land for military service. William t he Conqueror claimed all the land in England and divide the land between himself (about 20%), the church (about 25%) and the remainder of English land was given to Norman soldiers and nobles (barons). Following the Norman Conquest William the Conqueror say a full survey of England which was called the Doomsday Book.It gave the new King of England full details of the land, the people and how much taxes and dues would be paid to the Normans. Under the Feudal establishment the vassals who were awarded land swore an Oath of Fealty to their lord and provided fully equipped soldiers under the Feudal Levy. Medieval Serfs were peasants who worked his lords land and paid him certain dues in return for the use of land, the possession (not the ownership) of which was heritable. When the land changed owners during the time of feudalism the peasants were obliged to work for the new owners the Normans.The decline of feudalism in England occurred due to many events including the Black Death, ch anges from a land-based thriftiness to a money based economy and the establishment of Centralized government. Feudalism began in 410 AD with the fall of Rome. Feudalism in Germany was different from that of France and England. The old Germanic tribes which plagued the Roman emperors emerged again after Charlemagnes successors lost power. Four stem duchies eventually emerged as the most powerful in Germany Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, and Bavaria.One strong duke, Otto of Saxony (936-973) rise up-tried to establish lordship over the other dukes. He invaded Italy, starting a long tradition of German interference in that peninsula, and made himself King of Italy. He was thus crowned emperor by the pope himself (962). The strong points were l) fragmentation of political power 2) public power in private hands and 3) armed forces secured with private contracts. Feudalism is, therefore, a method of government, and a way of securing the forces necessary to preserve that method of governmen t.It is also an extreme form of decentralization. There many centers of power. spring does not reside at a center, or at the top, even though there a pyramidal structure in theory, with the emperor at the top and the simple knight at the bottom. The weak points were weak central power and realizing that a strong defense relied on a single leader. catnap was a leader during that time. Feudalism in Germany ended in the 15th century at about the same time Englands Feudalism ended, as well as the rest of Europes feudalism.

Argumentative Essay: A Change in Education System Essay

The Philippines tuitional transcription is undergoing a big change which follows the international educational system. The K-12 system is the system used by the United States and early(a) countries. The K-12 system is started by the Aquino Administration. The government leave behind add two year plus Kindergarten. Many population think that implementing the program in the Philippines give be insignificant and unnecessary but others think that it would remedy the countrys educational system and the country as a whole. I agree with the K-12 system that give help savants embrace a develop feature education and will give them more(prenominal) frolic opportunities, especially abroad.There atomic number 18 many arguments regarding the K-12 implementation. I shoot chosen 3 arguments to guggle about. First, p atomic number 18nts are not financially stabled. Money would hinder the implementation of the system. The parents would right two more long time for the education of th eir children. Their children would learn more and gain more knowledge for those additional two year of education. The cash that the parents pay will be put into computable use for their childrens future. But the parents would be expending a lot more than they expected for good quality education. The parents are not prepared to pay for two more years of education. The plan of the administration was earlier than expected. And just about parents are not skilful with this plan because of financial problems.Second, improve the quality education we have in our country. The Philippines need good quality education because we have a poor education system. The K-12 system will help the country to have a higher standard of education the government can add more to the curriculum. The advancement of having an change quality education would lead to an earlier success in a students life. It may take him/ her long to finish high school but he/ she gained more knowledge than the students who p repared in 10 years. The student would take protracted to finish his/ her basic education but will be more prepared. It is enough that the student is prepared when reaching the age of 18 after finishing the K-12. Their minds will be mature enough to think better than what is expected of them if gradational at the age of 16.Lastly, prepare the student for work after graduating. Not all students who graduated will automatically be sent to a university for college. Some students prepare themselves to look for a job for the interest group of having cash to study in college while some are forced to work for the sake of back up the family. The students who have accomplished the 12 year system will automatically be recognized professionals because we are following the international education standard. This will be good for our country. But, the student has not accomplished his/ her schooling. He/ she needs to be sent off to college because completing all levels of education would mean a better job in or out of the country. A student can earn more if he/ she finishes college and finds a good job.Based on the arguments stated, either good or bad, the K-12 system has a good point. I agree that the parents will spend more money for good education but their money wont be put into waste. Their children will experience good quality education that will good for their future. Of courseparents want whats best for their children in the quality of education because one day, their children will be the ones assisting them when they grow old. The old education system is done for 10 years and it can focus a students life if the system should have been 12 years. We all know that some people have financial problems that they go to work after high school. 12 years is longer than the 10 year system but the graduate students of the K-12 will automatically be recognized professionals because we are following the international education standard. The K-12 system will help students get a better job abroad because of the quality education that follows the international education standard.

Gender Socialization and Consumer Culture

An phrase A Real Mans Ring Gender and the Invention Tradition by Vicki Howard (2003) published in the Journal of loving History defined the role of gender stereotypes, their development and changes in forming consumer culture through describing the invention and credence of double echo ceremony in twentieth century America.Howard tells the history of coifs wedding bands and double name ceremony, explaining the bonds between economical, cultural and social aspects of the first sixty years of the twentieth century.The author explained that the double ring ceremony emerged because of the cultural tendency in family life Howard called masculine domesticity, when, in the middle of twentieth century, outlay time with wife and kids, performing household chores became synonymous with prosperity, capitalism, and national stability. In fiftieth the fresh type of family became widespread, a so called companionate marriage, where both spouses shared responsibility for psychological and s tirred well-being of their family, and a double ring ceremony reflected these current type of relationship.Howard adds that World War deuce made double rings wedding custom even more popular, as than it had to do with wartime sentiments. marriage ceremony ring symbolizationized ties a soldier had with his wife, with his family and kids it was a sign for him that someone was waiting for him at home, a symbol of everything he defended. And, according to Howards writing, while in 1940 two rings wedding hadnt been a custom, in yet in late fortieth-early fiftieth it appeared in the wedding ceremonies held by Catholic, Unitarian, Baptist, and Methodist churches, the most(prenominal) influential ones.Getting man used to the thought that grooms wedding ring was a good composition took split of time and efforts from the sellers. Howard described some of the techniques that were used by U.S jewelry stores, like establishing a separate groom room for men not to feel embarrassed when shopp ing for wedding rings the other idea was to hide grooms rings in slide drawers beneath the feminine rings, and showing them only by and by brides rings had been already purchased. Meantime, years passed, and social apprehension of man wedding rings changed ascribable to numerous advertising campaigns, Hollywood productions, marriages of public persons etc.Of course there were other factors that played their role in popularization of double ring ceremony. One of the crucial ones was the teenage marriage boom, which began in fortieth, when the medium age of marrying has lowered dramatically.Howard supposed that having a double ring ceremony was important for young couples to single out them from their parents. Wearing a ring helped young girl to feel herself protected, not being afraid to change by reversal an old maid, while for man wedding ring was the proof of maturity, masculinity, ability to support his wife, and, what was also important, heterosexuality.Howard illustrious that one more factor to conduce the popularity of double ring ceremony was emergence of middle chassis in the U.S. People moved to suburbs, where they could allow purchasing a house. As economy grew more, more pile earned enough money to provide their families with all the middle-class attributes.This period was characterized by physical and psychological separation of public and private, of work and family, and double ring ceremony became a symbol of the new family, built in that environment. The situation was different for working class. Men often were dissatisfied with the idea to vesture a ring, as it symbolized the obligations they took, while for women grooms ring was a sign of claim bride has for her husband.

Objective Relations Theory

Projective Identification copyright 1996 Hannah Fox, CSW, BCD every(prenominal) rights reserved may non be reproduced without permission of Hannah Fox (emailprotected com) This document can be effectuate at http//www. tendency- transaction. com This presentation testament explore several concepts and techniques within the Object Relations theory of family therapy which, if understood, provides a framework for looking at gibes and families. Before sloping about this approach to family therapy, I would worry to develop what object transaction theory is all about.Object Relations Theory was originated in England by a gathering of British psychoanalysts, including Klein, Balint, F picnicburn, Winnicott, and Guntrip. Object relations theory was a break from Freuds obtain model, and differs from it as follows Freuds model held that a newborn child is driven by animal instincts, such as hunger, thirst, and pleasure, entirely cannot relate to others. Relationships with others provided develop later in the course of satisfying those ask. In this sense, Freuds model considers human relationships to be secondary.In contrast, object relations theory maintains that the infant can relate to others at a very early age and that relationships with others be, therefore, primary. The drive to attach oneself to an object is considered to be the major motivating force. Since we are talking about object relations theory, this is a trusty time to ask what an object is. In object relations theory, the word object is used with a very specific meaning. Its not literally a physical per boy, just an immanent mental structure that is formed throughout early cultivation.This mental structure is build through a series of experiences with significant others through a psychic process called introjection. Because an infants earliest experiences are unremarkably with its niggle, she is usually the first internal object formed by the infant. regular(a)tually, the father and other significant people in any case be get along with internalized objects. Introjection, the process of creating internal mental objects, leads to another process called divorceting. Splitting occurs because the infant cannot tolerate authorized feelings such as rage and disposition, which occur in all normal development.As a result, the infant has to split arrive at intermits of itself and repress them. What happens to those repressed split-off parts? They are dealt with through another important process, called projective assignment. Projective identification itself is a very specific part of object relations theory. It is a defense mechanism which was conceptualized by Melanie Klein in 1946, having evolved from her extensive study and work with children. According to Klein, projective identification consists of splitting off parts of the self, intercommunicate them into another person, and then identifying with them in the other person.For example, the earliest rel ationship the infant has with its niggle is feeding and touching, plainly the flummox is not always able to respond quickly enough to the infants need. Since the natural rage and longing the infant feels at such times are intolerable, to survive these feelings the infant splits them off and represses them from its consciousness. The split offfeelings can be thought of as other parts of the self (ego). When such splitting operates place, the infant is free of the rage but has placed that part of itself inside the fuck off.To make itself whole again it must(prenominal) identify with the get under ones skin. The mother may or may not allow herself to puzzle the cntainer for the infants negative feelings. Even if she doesnt, the projective identification still occurs. The preceding(prenominal) process begins in the first half year of disembodied spirit, kn stimulate as the paranoid-schizoid position. It is characterized by an ability to distinguish good feelings from bad, but an inability to distinguish the mother from the self. Depending on how arranged the mothering is, the infant may or may not progress to a higher level of development knget as the depressive position.In the depressive position, which set forths at about eight months of age, the child manoeuvers back its bad feelings from the mother and unwraps from her. The mother is at a time seen as a separate object, with both good and bad feelings of her own. The infant is aware of its own good and bad feelings. For a child to reach this level of development, the earlier mothering must be accordant. The mother must hasten accepted most of the childs intercommunicate feelings. A child who reaches the depressive position will, in adulthood, be capable of experiencing, at best, such feelings as empathy, or will at least become neurotic.In contrast, if the mothering is not consistent, the child cant take back its projected feelings and splitting sojourns both inside and outside the child. It remains in the paranoid-schizoid position or, at best, a precarious form of the depressive position. This type of development is associated with b darkspotline personalities. In the above infant-mother example, the repressed parts of the self, if unresolved, will remain repressed into adulthood. Those parts will goern the choice of married partner and the nature of marital relationships, and by extension the nature of relationships with children.By the time the couple or family come to therapy the projective identification process has desirely progressed to the point of creation obvious to the therapist, and will be seen in the members carriage toward each other. This is usually not so in individual therapy because it often takes time to build the transfer relationship with the therapist. So what does this mean for the therapist? What does a therapist have to know in order to work with a family, using the object relations approach? The therapist needs to be teach in individual developmental heory from infancy to senescent and to visualise that the internal object world is built up in a child, modified in an adult and re-enacted in the family. The family has a developmental sustenance cycle of its own, and as it goes through its series of tasks from early nurturing of its new members, to emancipation of its adolescents, to taking care of its aging members, the familys adaptation is challenged at every stage by unresolved issues in the adult members early life cycle. Conflicts within any of its individual family members may threaten to disrupt the adaption previously achieved.If any member is inefficient to adapt to new development, pathology, equal projective identification, becomes a stumbling block to future healthy development. The clinical approach is to develop, with the family, an thought of the nature and origins of their current interactional difficulties, starting from their experience in the here- and-now of the therapeutic sessions, and e xploring the unconscious intrapsychic and interpersonal conflicts that are pr planeting further healthy development. Interpretation and insight are thus the agents of family change.By uncovering the projective identifications that take place among family members, and having individuals take back their split-off parts, members can be freed to continue healthy development. If further therapy is indicated, individual therapy would be a recommendation. manifestation reduction in individuals is not necessarily a goal here. In position, individual family members may become more symptomatic as projective identificationsare taken back and the members become more anxious. To do this, the therapist needs the following four capabilities . The ability to provide a holding environmentfor the family a place which is consistent so that eventually the family comes to feel comfortable enough to be themselves in the presence of the therapist. 2. An ability to understand the themeof each session, so that a broad theme can be identified over the course of treatment. 3. An ability to interpret the latent content of patients manifest statements. 4. An understanding of unconscious processes like transport and countertransference.Given those tools, it is the therapists agate line to uncover the projective identifications in the family that prevent the children from having a healthy development. Once these projections are uncovered, and the split-off parts given over back to the family members they belong to, children are freer to continue healthy development. Having introduced projective identification, Id like to show how this process operates later in life-in couples and families-and is a framework for doing couple and family therapy. Im going to present dickens cases-one of a couple and one of a family-to show how projective identification works.A male patient of mine with little emulation fell in have a go at it with a woman who subsequently pushed him to be ambitious. As it turned out, the woman had been repressing her own ambition under pressure from a father who didnt believe women should work. This woman was quite intelligent and obtained a schoolmaster degree, yet she chose to stifle her ambition in order to please her father. She remained dependent on her father, both emotionally and financially. The husband, my patient, was a skipper but quite unambitious. His familys philosophy was that one is lucky to have a job and pay the bills.His father had held the like low paying job for twenty years although he, too, had a professional degree. So why did these two people get married? Since it was unacceptable for her to be ambitious, the wife required someone to contain those feelings for her. My patient was the ideal object because, although he had an informal ambition, he had no enate support for these strivings. Therefore, he was predisposed to accept and collude in his wifes projection. What is the effect of projective identification when a couple has children?The following example shows how parents use their children as objects. Fern was a woman in her second marriage with two adolescent children. When Fern was a child, her mother favored her brother. The essence she received from her mother was that men were important and had to be taken care of, while women were stupid and born to serve men. Both of Ferns husbands agreed with her mothers philosophy, so Fern played out most of her married life serving them. When the family came to see me, both children were having emotional problems. The son was a dark user of pot and cocaine.His sister had emotional and learning problems in school. Fern had projected into her son that males were special and demand to be taken care of. Its not hard to see why the son colluded with his mother. The rewards of accepting her projected feelings were too hard to resist, so when he reached adolescence he satisfied his excessive dependency needs with drugs. The message Ferns daughter r eceived was that she was unimportant and stupid. wherefore did Fern project these feelings onto her daughter? Fern grew up unable to develop her own course goals because her other ignored her wishes to go to college.For Fern to feel sufficiently competent and achieve some career success, she had to get rid of feelings that she was stupid and unimportant. So she projected those feelings on to her daughter and was then able to start a small business. To avoid being totally jilted by her mother, the daughter colluded by be stupid and unimportant to herself. Ferns reenactment with her daughter of her mothers relationship with her is a form of projective identification called identification with the aggressor,because Fern is acting as if she is her own mother and her daughter is her (when she was a child).Ferns relationship to her son is in like manner similar to the relationship Ferns mother had to Ferns brother. Because Fern is treating her children so several(predicate)ly, when they grow up they will have very different views of this family. This explains why, in therapy, siblings often talk about the same family very differently. Notice how unresolved feelings from childhood, which Fern split off and repressed, undischargedly affected her relationship with both children. What do you think is going on in her second marriage? Now I will present an actual transcript of part of a session I recently had with this family.As you will see, it illustrates the process of projective identification and will serve as a basis for further discussion. T Fern, I wonder, when Donald was talking about being like Roberta and John asked him a question how did you feel? F What do you mean how did I feel? T When John asked Donald when he figured out that he was like Roberta and Donald said just now. J How do you feel about him saying just now. T And you changed the crush and I wondered what you were feeling. F I dont know. I T Donald owned up to some feelings that he was like his father and that part of what he saw in Roberta was like himself.F Donald is definitely part of D No but what shes saying is that you changed the subject. That is why shes wondering if you have some feelings about that. T Exactly. You seemed to have travel away from what was going on here. John was talking to Donald R She doesnt want us to be like our father. T Maybe that was upsetting to you? R He wasnt good to her. D Subconsciously maybe. Its chummy but its there. F Well, I dont like Martin, naturally. Its true. I dont like him I dont think hes a nice person. R You dont like him at all? D She loves him but doesnt like himF I loved him but I never liked him as a person. I never thought he was a good person that he really cared about me, that he took care of me, that he was ever concerned with me. I remember a couple of things that I remember having a bloody nose one night when I was pregnant and he went out to play racketball and left me alone. Things like that He was mean to me he had no compassion for me. D Thats one thing, Im not like my father. F Im not saying Im move to say I see certain characteristics of their father in them. T How does that make you feel?F How does that make me feel? I dont know. I guess part of it, not too good because I would rather them be above that, that is, above that anger, why cant they rise above that anger. I dont want them to be like that because it didnt get Martin anyplace in life. J I have a very deep question. F I dont know if I want to answer it. J You may not but how can you find that with Roberta and Donald being so much alike in prsonality, like Martin, how do you separate Donalds being like Martin and accepting it from Roberta and saying Roberta is just like her father and not accepting it?F Because Donald never directed his anger at me as a person, as a human being. In other words he never he might have been angry but he never said to me he never was mean to me, whereas Roberta has been mean to me, at tacked me as a person, Donald never attacked me as a person. T Donald attacked himself as a person. D Hmm. T By taking drugs. F yet he never attacked me as a person. D Never, Im not a mean person. I dont have that mean streak in me. T You sure? F You may have it in you D I dont have a mean streak. F Sure, everyone T Who did you direct that meanness to?Roberta directs it out to her mother and who did you direct it to? D I direct it to her. T No R No you directed it at yourself. D Myself, yeah Im mean to myself. F You were destructive to yourself. T So what D scarcely thats different from being destructive to other human beings. F No, maybe you would have been better off being mean to me or somebody else. Or to your father. R Lets get back to Uncle Johns question. J No this is part of the answer. D Yeah Im mean to myself. I still am. But I dont destroy myself with anything with any engaging of substances, but I still am.R What do you mean, you still are? D Im hard on myself, ex act of myself. R See, you would never think that of Donald because he walks around like hes above the world. He does. T But why would somebody walk D But Ive been working on that very heavily now T But why would someone D Thats the way I am its the way I am. T Why would someone walk around like that. D Its very basic when I was on drugs and everything like that and Im fully aware of it, aware that Im conceited and like I have that air about me Im fully aware of it.When I was on drugs I had that part to me but it wasnt as slopped as it is now. T You werent aware of it then? D I wasnt really in control of the fact that I control my conceitedness now I choose to put that on because I have nothing, I have nothing else now. T Right D It seems its like my only defense, to be arrogant and to be conceited because I dont have anything else to back me up so I figure that wall. R Why do you need I dont need anything. D Roberta because when I was on the drugs and everything like that, it was a great wall for me to keep everybody out.Now I want everybody to think big things. Discussion Now lets look at the latent content of this session and identify the projective identifications. Fern was angry at Roberta and not at Donald why? As John pointed out with his question, Fern saw Roberta and Donald very differently, because of her projective identifications into them. Fern saw Roberta as bad and stupid, just as her mother viewed her when she was a child. She put all her badness and negative feelings into Roberta. Roberta then acted out Ferns feelings by being emotionally disturbed and acting stupid.Her emotional problems exacerbated what had been a genuine perceptual impairment. Because of her projective identification, Fern saw Donald as the good son who needed special attention and care, which was what Fern had seen between her own mother and her brother. Because Donald was not fully accepted by his mother, especially for those qualities that were like his natural fa ther, he acted out his mothers feelings. He was good to her but repressed the rejected parts, turning them against himself by secretly taking drugs. Yet, his mother continued to hold him in high regard, even after his habit had been found out.What Fern did was re-create the family constellation in which she had grown up. Because both children were carrying out their mothers inner life, they were unable to grow and develop their own healthy structures. The next step in therapy was to get Fern to take back the split-off parts of herself the devaluing of her daughter and the overvaluing of her son. This should help the children take back the part of themselves which they split off and repressed. In subsequent sessions, Fern and I explored what it was like growing up with her mother.She explained that her mother told her that she was stupid and that her brother was special. Ferns daughter told Fern that she was doing the same thing as her mother and that the daughter felt stupid. Fern r esponded that she had never meant to treat her daughter as stupid. She also realized that her son had many problems and was not so special. In doing so, Fern reclaimed her split-off parts, freeing her daughter to continue a healthier development. Her son was able to leave home and become more independent.

Stephen J. Dubner’s novel Turbulent Souls Analysis

According to Soren Kierkergaard, a prominent existentialist, in Stephen J. Dubners novel, Turbulent Souls, the protagonists, Stephen, Veronica, and capital of Minnesota Dubner, be the quintessential Knights of belief. A Knight of Faith is the existenti onlyy perfect man or woman who could grasp his own freedom and create his own destiny. Despite the disconnectedness of the world, the Knight of Faith finds the courage to unify his or her world with an act of determination. Through much scrutinizing, the Knight of Faith discovers that man is entrapped in inviolate isolation.Prior to becoming a Knight of Faith he or she mustiness take a leap of faith into some function higher and beyond the self such as into belief in G-d. The howal vogues way authentically to take a leap of faith and to escape the anxiety and despair that is the quintessence of the universal human condition is to choose despair, and to sink so deep into despair that star loses all commitment of family, helpmates, and community. When these are all lost, with absolutely nothing left, in a sleep together crisis, and at the shore of the abyss, he or she leave al iodin be prepared for faith in G-d, he or she will chose G-d, and make the leap of faith to G-d.Therefore, he or she has created a unique connection with G-d and has conquered his or her fears, and the hypocrisies and tribulations in the world. Propelled by psychological despair and existential emptiness, each of the three principal characters embarks upon a quest for apparitional understanding and/or emotional healing. The novel begins by discussing the childhood of Stephens parents, Sol and Florence, and after their conversion, Paul and Veronica.Florences derriere of her conversion and her quest for spiritual bliss began even as a little girl in her parents, Esther and Harry, small apartment in Brooklyn, New York, above Harrys candy store. E really night, when Florences mother would come up the stairs from the candy st ore she would say to Florence, Your father, he works so hard he must be made from iron. And Florence in her singsong voice, always gave the same retort Well then, he come apart not go out in the rain or hell get all rusty(3). Florence had a special connection with her father, and it was all her mother who she ridiculed.Both Florence and her father did not appreciate how Esther would prattle on about her brother the big fabric man, who just bought a red-hot house, and how his wife always has new hats and how their children were smarter and healthier that their own children, how little Irving could eat a alone head of lettuce and drink a whole quart of milk at one meal(4). In addition, E very year Florence asked her mother to discipline her the Four Questions so she could ask them at the Seder. Whats the use, her mother would say. Your cousin Irvings the male child, and hes the smarter one anyway, so Irving gets to ask the moves(7).This had a tremendous impact on her because h er mother in thus fared in her the notion that she is not worthy, which could possibly be a reason for her conversion to universality, which she tangle to be more accepting. Florence and her sister Della did not get along very well, so Florences favorite playmate was her grandmother Sarah-Ruhkel they would giggle and cuddle like friends. At night she sit down on the edge of Florences bed and told stories of Queen Esther. She taught Florence how to thank G-d for the satisfactory day and ask him for a good husband when the measure came(6).Unfortunately, When her grandmother wasnt around she was lonely(7). atomic number 53 afternoon, Florence was playing outside with another friend, they some(prenominal) needed to go to the bathroom only her friend lost her house key, so they waited by the stoop. Her friend verbalise a prayer and a few minutes later a man came class and let them in. Florence purview about what happen and she knew it wasnt magic, quite it was certainly a ant ithetical way of flavour at things. She didnt conjure it to anyone. Who would listen? (8). In this moment, she sees her friends prayer answered and concludes that it was more then luck that caused it.It was the will of G-d. One spring when Florence was sick in bed and she heard her friends playing outside, she fatherd her eldest existential models in her liveliness. She thought, Boy oh boy, life goes on all by itself whether Im there or not(8). The one thing she feared the most was death, and when her grandfather died, She wondered what had become of him. Not his corpse-that she understood-solely the rest of him. Was there more of him. She wasnt sure. She could not forget the identification shed had lying in bed that day, hearing her friends playing with out her.If things didnt change when she wasnt here, what did it outlet if she was here or not? still she was here. What for then? To think of herself as merely a random collection of muscularity and teeth and curls was un dealably sad. And yet the other possibility-that there was some sort of purpose to life that she must fathom and follow-made her dizzy (20). The first time Florence introduced anti-Semitism was when a girl named Ann Ross, with blond hair and very blue eyes, had stood up and declared My father says that Hitler has the right view about the Jews(21).Again, she encountered anti-Semitism when an older boy from her neighborhood said, What do you want little Jew? He said, and spat in her face(22). She did not mention either incident to her parents because her father did not have the time for it and her mother al heary had to many worries. A few years later Florence went to ballet classes with a friend who invited her. The teachers name was Asta Souvorina, but eer soy one called her Madame Souvorina, and Florence felt that there was an intensity spilling from her, and it attracted Florence like a magnet(22).Florence became Madame Souvorinas best student and went to class some(prenomina l)day, and sometimes when Madame was sick she taught the class instead. Florence imitated everything that Madame did, and just like Madame was a vegetarian, she became a vegetarian. Florence also knew that Madame was Catholic, but all she ever knew about Catholicism seemed unbelievable, such as the virgin birth or the Resurrection. Madame was not interested in arguing with Florence about the eternal verities of Christendom, so she told Florence, If you are so curious, you should read about it yourself(25).Florence went ahead and read the Epistles, which were the letter from St. Paul, and she Was astounded to discover that a living, breathing person-a Jew, no less-had left behind such testimony. Everything she ever heard about delivery boy seemed so far away, like a fairy tale. But Paul had been there. No, he hadnt actually met rescuer, but his letters, she felt had the ring of truth. later on all, Paul was an educated Jew who had traveled widely. wherefore would he write of bei ng struck down blind on the road to Damascus, hearing Jesus calling to him from the clouds, had it not happened that way (25).Florence neer had done much thinking about God, and wondered what he looked like. She thought maybe he looked like, old Moishe, her grandfather who past away, with a long, dusty beard perhaps he had the face of a cloud. Or, Florence thought, perhaps the face of God was the face of Jesus, the young, loving, tortured face she had seen on the palisade of Madames bedroom(25). By now Florence was approaching stardom, and was leaving dance at Radio City medicine Hall, but Florences mind still constantly swirled with distressing questionsWhy had she been born and where would she go afterward? And talent Jesus have anything to do with it? (26). Her one fear, death, harmonise to Catholicism was not something to be afraid of, but was something to look forward to, which brought her a lot of comfort. She remembers, as a young girl she always was missed when her Ca tholic friends talked about Heaven, as if they were sure of it. But St. Paul, in his Epistles, was sure of it to Then we who are alive, who are left, shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air(26). Madame directed her to the church building of the Blessed Sacrament, where she spoke with a Catholic priest, Father Conroy, who taught her a little prayer that he promised would help.The prayer was, Give me the grace to know Your truth and the strength to follow it(27). Over time, her curiosity became a need, and when Madame told her she did not need to be Catholic to taste the Sacraments of the Church, and so she did(28). She began attending mass and even went to confession. One aurora at mass she listened absorbedly to the priests sermon, and he cited the Gospel of John God said, this is my belove son in whom I am well pleased hear him(29). Florence took this to heart and realized the instructions could not have been simpler, or more welcome.Floren ce, having exposed her heart, was now rewarded with the kiss of God upon her ear. The shadows of her sense were flooded with sunlight a distinguished peace settled over her. She understood that she had received the gift of faith, and she would be eternally grateful(29). Finally, through much searching she found spiritual enlightenment and has become a true Knight of Faith. Solly Dubner grew up in an orthodox family in Brownsville, New York. His parents names are Shepsel and Gittel. Unlike Florence, he loved his mother more then anything in the world.Also, he loved to whistle all the time. Unfortunately, whistling was disallow in his fathers house. You might as well invite the Angel of Death. That, at least, is what his father believed(9). Although his father unplowed a strict house, Solly obeyed his father because Any disobedience, however slight, made his father angry. And when is father was angry for whatsoever reason, he took it out on Sollys mother, Gittel, rarely shouting b ut unfailing choosing the half dozen lyric that would conjure up the bitterest tears.Solly, who loved his mother dearly, would have rather taken the strap any day. But Shepsel would never strike his children, for it is written. And if one were to ask him, Where is it written? It is written, it is written, he would say impatiently. The where is not important (10). Solly was never satisfied with his fathers answers. Nat, Sollys older brother, always came family on Shabbat because he felt bad the others had to suffer Shepsel alone. Nat was specially worried about Solly because Shepsel seemed to have a particularly hard heart for him.Solly, was different he valued more out of life, and Nat knew that more was the one thing that could not be found in their fathers house. As he walked home from school one Friday afternoon, from the second floor window, a man in his singlet shouted down to him Hey, Solly, what the hell are you whistling for-dont you know your mothers dead(12). His fat her always said whistling was forbidden and you might as well invite the angel of death therefore, after his mothers death, Solly felt partially responsible because he always whistled. This guilt lead to the beginning of his bottomless depression.According to Jewish law, one should bury the deceased as soon as possible, but since out of town relatives would not be able to attend to the funeral, they were forced to wait until they arrived. Shepsel gathered all of his children to watch their mothers body until it was time to burial. The ice that was packed in her casket was melting therefore, a metal bucket was placed under the leaking casket. The dripping, the rising stench, the stab of his mothers death-it was all to much for Solly, and he stood up to get some fresh air, but his father pressed him back into his seat(17).Solly had a lot of questions regarding Jewry, but sadly, concerning their religion, there was no question Solly could ask his father for which he received an answe r that was remotely satisfying(17). He kept locomote deeper and deeper into depression and everyone who knew Solly Dubner in the late 1930s could see that a blanket of despair had befallen him. Though he was only in his early twenties, the courage of his youth had melted away and his optimism had withered(31). In 1942, the war at last came to America, Solly immediately enlisted in the Army.Finally he could escape his fathers house(33). It seems as if he is smell forward to the war coming to America, but since war is unpleasant, violent, and awful. After, the reader realized the reason he is disdainful is because the war is his savior from his father. After, serving in the Army for quite a while he came home for six weeks, and when he arrived home he went to the Church of the Blessed Sacrament. He met Father Conroy and asked him, Have you ever heard of a creature like me, Father, a Jew who wants to be Catholic? As a matter of fact, Father Conroy answered, I have.He told Sol about t he group of young Catholic Activists he met with every Monday night. Two of the women, he explained were Jewish converts(42), who were Florence and her friend, who was also a ballerina. At the end of his first meeting he told his story He felt as if hed been walking around in the dark, and While he was direct overseas, someone finally turned on the light, and that light was Jesus. She saw that there was a natural unselfishness about this soldier, and earnestness. He mentioned his father, a traditional Jew named Shepsel, who sounded an awful lot like Florences grandfather Moishe.He dislike what his decision would do to his father, the soldier was saying now, but there seemed no way around it-didnt Jesus say that he had come to set a man against his father? (43). He told them that he had already had been baptized as a Christian, but he was not sure which denomination of Christianity to settle on. He wanted to become a Catholic, but did not understand the role of Virgin bloody shame in Catholicism. He asked the group, Since she isnt a member of the Holy Trinity, why would you worship her? Why would you pray to the Virgin Mary when you can pray directly to G-d?Florence answered, You dont worship the Blessed Mother, you ask her to intercede This is part of the beauty of Catholicism that you have all these wonderful saints you can pray to. Who better to Petition G-d than His mother, the Queen of Heaven? (43). This was the first answer in his life that he was satisfied with. When he went to visit Nat and his wife, Dottie, They could see there was something different about him it seemed as if the spark of his youth had returned, as if once again he had something at back up(44). He was once again sent out to war.Florence soon received a letter from Sol, which he wrote, I have been baptized and received my first communion. Needless to say, it was a most wonderful experience and I hope to strengthen my faith in Christ each single day(47). At last, Sol has climbed o ut of his emotional despair, and not only has he gone through an almost complete emotional healing, but he has become spiritually enlightened through Catholicism. Stephen grew up in upstate New York on Gallupville Road, where his family was a safe distance from the true world, which is based on a worldly and inauthentic way of life.He is the youngest of Paul and Veronicas eight children. His had no complaints about his isolated Catholic training until his father died when he was ten. He only remembered a few things about his father. Such as every night at dinner he said, You get a little food in your breadbasket and you get rambunctious(107), and once his father took him to a baseball game without any other siblings. After his fathers death he put his yearn for spiritual enlightenment to the side for a little while. When he went to College, he and a few of the other students created a band called The Right Profile.When he had a little time off from school he caught a ride down to Florida with a friend, who was overtaking down for his grandfathers birthday, to visit his mom, who moved there about the same time he began college. On the way down to Florida he met an elderly Jewish woman at the birthday party and was attracted to her. He thought to himself, I had never felt so instantly attracted to another person. But the feeling went beyond attraction. It was as if I were a piece of her somehow, or as if within her dwelled a piece of me that I had been searching for(161).He was attracted to her Neshama, her Jewish soul, and as a result of this attraction he began to question his ways of life and search for the truth. One day while fixing up a song that he was going to record the next day, his hand without any instruction he was aware of, printed on the page What do I want? (166). He knew he did not want to continue this life of being a inclination star, and on the other hand he said to himself, The band is all I have the band is all I am(167). His life con tained no depth to it, and he needed to find his meaning of life.He did not know at the time, that he was the same age as his mother when she quit ballet. AS he later learned, they both had removed themselves from one pursuit they cared about they both felt, momentarily at least, that their lives were over. They had both asked themselves an unanswerable question and, hearing nothing but a still, small voice from within, a feathered voice of encouragement, had taken the leap. She leaped into the arms of Jesus, and he wound up leaping into the arms of Abigail Seymour. He could only have known that Abigail would lead him into a reckoning with his Jewish blood.Abigail studied to become an actress with a Jewish man named Ivan Kronenfeld, who she introduced to Stephen. He was an inspiration to Stephen life Madame Souvorina had been to his mother. He gave a lot of things for Stephen to ponder like when he told him, youd have been plenty Jewish for Hitler. Youve got the map of Poland writt en all over your face. You could have worn a crucifix down to your knees, and they still would have thrown you in the ovens(174). Also he informed Stephen that according to Jewish law he was still Jewish because his mother was Jewish.He attended Synagogue one Saturday with Ivan and when he saw all of the Jews kiss the Torah as if it contained everything that they would ever need and everything that could ever be known. And on that day hope rested on his soul. He did not know anything about his father and mother, or why they had converted, and what it meant to him. This unawareness Was beginning to gnaw at him. Spending time with Ivan had awakened in him the idea of a father. It wasnt that he wanted him as a father. He had his ownhe just didnt know him yet. But Ivan had awakened something else in him an appetite for the Jewish wisdom he dispensed.It was kaleidoscopic, baffling, thrilling it spoke to him as nothing ever had. Did it speak to him, though, on its own merit? Or because hi s long-lost father had been nourished on the same wisdom? Or perhaps it was because curling around somewhere inside him was a Jewish neshama, a Jewish soul? The time had come to find his own family (183). So he followed the noise inside his soul, he searched for his parents roots. He became consumed with the desire to know how his mother and father decided to become Catholic. He wanted to know why they stopped being Jews.He met a few of his long lost relatives from his fathers side, and began to reveal his father as a Jew. He broke up with Abigail because her Jewish quest was over, and also he was more concentrate on writing anyway. He went to Poland to the shtetl his family lived in to understand more about his family but he still was not satisfied. While his search for his parents past continues he continues studying Judaism fervently. Stephens leap of faith and spiritual enlightenment is not as immediate as his parents, but through much pain and toiling he has discover himself and has untangled his familys roots.According to Rabbi Eric Bram, Turbulent Souls is not only the story of a sons individuation and move around it is also the story of American Jewishness in the twentieth century. The connection between the country of American and its Jews has change significantly in the past century, Turbulent Souls is a proof of that transformation, as observed through the generations of Stephen Dubners family. Jewishness has been both a basis of triumphant pride and of bottomless shame, and something to flee from as well as to embrace. along side Stephen Dubner, Jews today walk the tightrope of the American- Jewish.